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1 前言
笔者公司内有一套GlusterFS分布式存储，最近数据分区的文件系统提示错误，群集有一个Brick需要替换掉。
基于稳妥操作的原则，笔者要先搭建测试环境并通过测试后才能在真实环境中执行，以下是笔者的测试文档，给有需要的博友参阅，另外笔者在发表本文时已经在生产环境通过验证。
服务器的故障日志（有修复文件系统方法的博友欢迎指教）：
| 1 | cat /var/log/messages |
可以看到如下信息：
| 1 | Mar 21 14:58:04 GH01 kernel: XFS (dm-5): xfs_log_force: error 5 returned. |
2 实践部分
2.1 环境信息
2.1.1 主机信息
GlusterH0[1-5]:
hostname=GlusterH0[1-5].cmdschool.org
ipaddress=10.168.0.19[1-5]
2.1.2 名称解析配置
In GlusterH0[1-6]
| 1 2 3 4 5 | echo "10.168.0.191 GlusterH01.cmdschool.org GH01" >> /etc/hosts echo "10.168.0.192 GlusterH02.cmdschool.org GH02" >> /etc/hosts echo "10.168.0.193 GlusterH03.cmdschool.org GH03" >> /etc/hosts echo "10.168.0.194 GlusterH04.cmdschool.org GH04" >> /etc/hosts echo "10.168.0.195 GlusterH05.cmdschool.org GH05" >> /etc/hosts |
2.1.3 配置YUM源
In GlusterH0[1-6]
| 1 | yum install -y centos-release-gluster38 |
2.1.4 关闭防火墙
In GlusterH0[1-6]
| 1 2 | /etc/init .d /iptables stop chkconfig iptables off |
2.2 配置数据存储根目录
In GlusterH0[1-5]
2.2.1 新建分区
| 1 | fdisk /dev/sdb |
详细向导如下：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 | Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x089fd1ab. Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable. Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite) WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode ( command 'c' ) and change display units to sectors ( command 'u' ). Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-26108, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-26108, default 26108): Using default value 26108 Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re- read partition table. Syncing disks. |
2.2.2 发现并校验
| 1 2 | partx /dev/sdb ls /dev/sdb * |
2.2.3 创建文件系统
| 1 | mkfs.xfs -i size=512 /dev/sdb1 |
2.2.4 配置挂载
| 1 2 3 | mkdir -p /data echo '/dev/sdb1 /data xfs defaults 1 2' >> /etc/fstab mount -a && mount |
2.3 配置glusterfs服务端
In GlusterH0[1-5] :
2.3.1 安装yum源
| 1 | yum install -y glusterfs-server |
2.3.2 启动服务
| 1 2 | /etc/init .d /glusterd start chkconfig glusterd on |
2.4 配置信任池
In GlusterH01:
| 1 2 3 | gluster peer probe GH02 gluster peer probe GH03 gluster peer probe GH04 |
显示如成功信息：
| 1 | peer probe: success. |
检查信任池状态
| 1 | gluster peer status |
显示如下：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | Number of Peers: 3 Hostname: GH02 Uuid: e935be20-6157-4bc6-804b-a6901850211f State: Accepted peer request (Connected) Hostname: GH03 Uuid: d91cf978-71d7-4734-b395-fae7ccf4c040 State: Accepted peer request (Connected) Hostname: GH04 Uuid: e05ea224-72f7-48c5-a73a-eeeb253d171d State: Accepted peer request (Connected) |
检查本与其他服务器的连接状态
| 1 | netstat -antp | grep glusterd |
显示如下：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 | tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:24007 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1213 /glusterd tcp 0 0 10.168.0.191:24007 10.168.0.192:49150 ESTABLISHED 1213 /glusterd tcp 0 0 10.168.0.191:49149 10.168.0.193:24007 ESTABLISHED 1213 /glusterd tcp 0 0 10.168.0.191:24007 10.168.0.193:49149 ESTABLISHED 1213 /glusterd tcp 0 0 10.168.0.191:49151 10.168.0.192:24007 ESTABLISHED 1213 /glusterd tcp 0 0 10.168.0.191:49150 10.168.0.194:24007 ESTABLISHED 1213 /glusterd tcp 0 0 10.168.0.191:24007 10.168.0.194:49151 ESTABLISHED 1213 /glusterd |
注：以上可以看出本机与其他的每个brick都有两个TCP连接，一共6个。
2.5 配置GlusterFS卷
2.5.1 配置存储位置
In GlusterH0[1-4] :
| 1 | mkdir -p /data/brick1/gv0 |
2.5.2 创建Gluster卷
In GlusterH01 :
| 1 | gluster volume create gv0 replica 2 transport tcp GH01: /data/brick1/gv0 GH02: /data/brick1/gv0 GH03: /data/brick1/gv0 GH04: /data/brick1/gv0 |
显示如成功信息：
| 1 | volume create: gv0: success: please start the volume to access data |
2.5.3 启动GlusterFS卷
In GlusterH01 :
| 1 | gluster volume start gv0 |
显示如成功信息：
| 1 | volume start: gv0: success |
2.5.4 验证卷的信息
In GlusterH01 :
| 1 | gluster volume info |
显示如下：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | Volume Name: gv0 Type: Distributed-Replicate Volume ID: cfea514c-cdce-4ae4-bcd9-bf56f4173271 Status: Started Snapshot Count: 0 Number of Bricks: 2 x 2 = 4 Transport- type : tcp Bricks: Brick1: GH01: /data/brick1/gv0 Brick2: GH02: /data/brick1/gv0 Brick3: GH03: /data/brick1/gv0 Brick4: GH04: /data/brick1/gv0 Options Reconfigured: transport.address-family: inet performance.readdir-ahead: on nfs.disable: on |
2.6 配置Gluster客户端
In GlusterH01 :
2.6.1 安装客户端相关包
| 1 | yum install -y glusterfs-fuse |
2.6.2 手动挂载卷gv0到本地
| 1 | mount -t glusterfs GH01: /gv0 /mnt |
2.7 测试Gluster卷
2.7.1 写入测试
In GlusterH01 :
| 1 | for i in ` seq -w 1 100`; do cp -rp /var/log/messages /mnt/copy-test- $i; done |
2.7.2 写入确认
In GlusterH01 :
| 1 | ls -lA /mnt/ | wc -l |
In GlusterH0[1-4] :
| 1 | ls -lA /data/brick1/gv0/ |
2.8 模拟brick故障
2.8.1 查看当前存储状态
In GlusterH01 :
| 1 | gluster volume status |
显示如下：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | Status of volume: gv0 Gluster process TCP Port RDMA Port Online Pid ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Brick GH01: /data/brick1/gv0 49153 0 Y 1447 Brick GH02: /data/brick1/gv0 49153 0 Y 1379 Brick GH03: /data/brick1/gv0 49153 0 Y 1281 Brick GH04: /data/brick1/gv0 49153 0 Y 1375 Self-heal Daemon on localhost N /A N /A Y 1506 Self-heal Daemon on GH02 N /A N /A Y 1440 Self-heal Daemon on GH04 N /A N /A Y 1430 Self-heal Daemon on GH03 N /A N /A Y 1430 Task Status of Volume gv0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ There are no active volume tasks |
注：注意到Online项全部为“Y”
2.8.2 制造故障
In GlusterH01 :
| 1 | vim /etc/fstab |
注释掉如下行：
| 1 | #/dev/sdb1 /data xfs defaults 1 2 |
重启服务器
| 1 | reboot |
2.8.3 查看当前存储状态
In GlusterH01 :
| 1 | gluster volume status |
显示如下：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | Status of volume: gv0 Gluster process TCP Port RDMA Port Online Pid ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Brick GH01: /data/brick1/gv0 N /A N /A N N /A Brick GH02: /data/brick1/gv0 49153 0 Y 1379 Brick GH03: /data/brick1/gv0 49153 0 Y 1281 Brick GH04: /data/brick1/gv0 49153 0 Y 1375 Self-heal Daemon on localhost N /A N /A Y 1484 Self-heal Daemon on GH02 N /A N /A Y 1453 Self-heal Daemon on GH03 N /A N /A Y 1443 Self-heal Daemon on GH04 N /A N /A Y 1444 Task Status of Volume gv0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ There are no active volume tasks |
注：注意到GH01的Online项为“N”
注：文件系统故障，假设物理硬盘没有问题或已经更换阵列中的硬盘
2.9 恢复故障brick方法
2.9.1 结束故障brick的进程
In GlusterH01 :
| 1 | gluster volume status |
显示如下：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | Status of volume: gv0 Gluster process TCP Port RDMA Port Online Pid ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Brick GH01: /data/brick1/gv0 N /A N /A N N /A Brick GH02: /data/brick1/gv0 49153 0 Y 1379 Brick GH03: /data/brick1/gv0 49153 0 Y 1281 Brick GH04: /data/brick1/gv0 49153 0 Y 1375 Self-heal Daemon on localhost N /A N /A Y 1484 Self-heal Daemon on GH02 N /A N /A Y 1453 Self-heal Daemon on GH03 N /A N /A Y 1443 Self-heal Daemon on GH04 N /A N /A Y 1444 Task Status of Volume gv0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ There are no active volume tasks |
注：如果状态Online项为“N”的GH01存在PID号（不显示N/A）应当使用如下命令结束掉进程方可继续下面步骤。
| 1 | kill -15 pid |
2.9.2 创建新的数据目录
In GlusterH01:
| 1 | mkfs.xfs -i size=512 /dev/sdb1 |
编辑fstab
| 1 | vim /etc/fstab |
去掉注释：
| 1 | /dev/sdb1 /data xfs defaults 1 2 |
重新挂载文件系统：
| 1 | mount -a |
增加新的数据存放文件夹（不可以与之前目录一样）
| 1 | mkdir -p /data/brick1/gv1 |
2.9.3 查询故障节点的备份节点(gh02)目录的扩展属性
In GlusterH01:
| 1 | ssh gh02 getfattr -d -m. -e hex /data/brick1/gv0 |
显示如下：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 | getfattr: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names # file: data/brick1/gv0 security.selinux=0x756e636f6e66696e65645f753a6f626a6563745f723a686f6d655f726f6f745f743a733000 trusted.gfid=0x00000000000000000000000000000001 trusted.glusterfs.dht=0x0000000100000000000000007ffffffe trusted.glusterfs.volume- id =0xcfea514ccdce4ae4bcd9bf56f4173271 |
2.9.4 挂载卷并触发自愈
In GlusterH01:
1）将卷挂到mnt目录下
| 1 | mount -t glusterfs GH01: /gv0 /mnt |
2）新建一个卷中不存在的目录并删除
| 1 2 | mkdir /mnt/testDir001 rmdir /mnt/testDir001 |
3）设置扩展属性触发自愈
| 1 2 | setfattr -n trusted.non-existent-key - v abc /mnt setfattr -x trusted.non-existent-key /mnt |
2.9.5 检查当前节点是否挂起xattrs
In GlusterH01:
1）再次查询故障节点的备份节点(gh02)目录的扩展属性
| 1 | ssh gh02 getfattr -d -m. -e hex /data/brick1/gv0 |
发现如下：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | # file: data/brick1/gv0 security.selinux=0x756e636f6e66696e65645f753a6f626a6563745f723a686f6d655f726f6f745f743a733000 trusted.afr.dirty=0x000000000000000000000000 trusted.afr.gv0-client-0=0x000000000000000200000002 trusted.gfid=0x00000000000000000000000000000001 trusted.glusterfs.dht=0x0000000100000000000000007ffffffe trusted.glusterfs.volume- id =0xcfea514ccdce4ae4bcd9bf56f4173271 getfattr: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names |
注：留意第4行,表示xattrs已经将源标记为gh02:/data/brick1/gv0
2）检查卷的状态是否显示需要替换
In GlusterH01:
| 1 | gluster volume heal gv0 info |
显示如下：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | Brick GH01: /data/brick1/gv0 Status: Transport endpoint is not connected Number of entries: - Brick GH02: /data/brick1/gv0 / Status: Connected Number of entries: 1 Brick GH03: /data/brick1/gv0 Status: Connected Number of entries: 0 Brick GH04: /data/brick1/gv0 Status: Connected Number of entries: 0 |
注：状态提示传输端点未连接（第2行）
2.9.6 使用强制提交完成操作
In GlusterH01:
| 1 | gluster volume replace-brick gv0 GH01: /data/brick1/gv0 GH01: /data/brick1/gv1 commit force |
提示如下表示正常完成：
| 1 | volume replace-brick: success: replace-brick commit force operation successful |
注：也可以将数据恢复到另外一台服务器，详细命令如下（可选）：
| 1 2 | gluster peer probe GH05 gluster volume replace-brick gv0 GH01: /data/brick1/gv0 GH05: /data/brick1/gv0 commit force |
2.9.7 检查存储的在线状态
In GlusterH01:
| 1 | gluster volume status |
显示如下：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | Status of volume: gv0 Gluster process TCP Port RDMA Port Online Pid ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Brick GH01: /data/brick1/gv1 49153 0 Y 1658 Brick GH02: /data/brick1/gv0 49153 0 Y 1406 Brick GH03: /data/brick1/gv0 49153 0 Y 1371 Brick GH04: /data/brick1/gv0 49153 0 Y 1406 Self-heal Daemon on localhost N /A N /A Y 1663 Self-heal Daemon on GH04 N /A N /A Y 1703 Self-heal Daemon on GH03 N /A N /A Y 1695 Self-heal Daemon on GH02 N /A N /A Y 1726 Task Status of Volume gv0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ There are no active volume tasks |
另外，如果更换到其他服务器状态显示如下：
| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | Status of volume: gv0 Gluster process TCP Port RDMA Port Online Pid ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Brick GH05: /data/brick1/gv0 49152 0 Y 1448 Brick GH02: /data/brick1/gv0 49153 0 Y 1270 Brick GH03: /data/brick1/gv0 49153 0 Y 1328 Brick GH04: /data/brick1/gv0 49153 0 Y 1405 Self-heal Daemon on localhost N /A N /A Y 1559 Self-heal Daemon on GH02 N /A N /A Y 1489 Self-heal Daemon on GH03 N /A N /A Y 1479 Self-heal Daemon on GH04 N /A N /A Y 1473 Self-heal Daemon on GH05 N /A N /A Y 1453 Task Status of Volume gv0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ There are no active volume tasks |